UK critical minerals drive is underprepared for social and environmental impacts and opportunities, finds new report

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Aerial view of clay mining site in Cornwall - Alexey Fedorenko via AdobeStock

UK critical minerals projects will fall short if they fail to prioritise their social and environmental dimensions, finds a new report led by researchers in the School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford.

Minerals such as lithium, tin and tungsten are important to the UK’s innovation, security and energy ambitions. The government has committed to producing 10% of the UK’s supply of critical minerals domestically -an opportunity for re-industrialisation to contribute to a just transition in the UK.

However, the team’s review suggests the UK is underprepared for navigating the social and environmental impacts and opportunities of domestic critical minerals projects. Understanding and governing these impacts and opportunities will become decisive in the success or failure of UK critical minerals extraction.

The review outlines opportunities including biodiversity restoration and tackling rural poverty. The review also identifies key challenges, including the ability of stakeholders to implement effective regulation; the impacts of delays on industry and investors; and mistrust among former mining communities, influenced by the UK’s legacy of deindustrialisation.

The review is published by the Agile Initiative along with a brief for policymakers. Insights from the paper have been submitted to the UK Parliament’s Critical Minerals inquiry to help inform debate on this issue of national significance.

The Agile Initiative, based at the Oxford Martin School, brings together researchers across the University of Oxford to address, time-critical research questions, identified by policymakers, in rapid interdisciplinary “Sprint” projects.

“Without stronger engagement, projects may face delays, opposition or cancellation. Environmental harms may compound existing inequalities, and opportunities for a just transition and nature recovery will be missed”.

“The UK has a reasonable understanding of risks in principle, but a weak evidence base for navigating risk in practice and a gap between ambition and implementation. Our review provides clarity on the knowledge gaps facing the critical minerals sector in the UK”.
Jamie Hinch, report lead writer